Just a Bit of Hope :: essays research papers

Only a Little Bit of Hope      The kid jerked for a piece, as he endeavored to move his body and did everything in his part to open his eyes, yet with his entire being he just had the capacity to marginally air out his eyes. It was the primary beam of light the kid had seen in longer than a month yet it felt to him as though it had been years. His eyes hurt all over from the battle to keep them open lastly they constrained themselves shut once more. The torment was excessively extraordinary. Out of sight, he could hear mumbles of individuals addressing him, empowering him, however he was unable to make out precisely whom it was or what was being said. He attempted to focus on the tones and voices however he was unable to process whatever was being said. His perspective was a finished mist and everything felt as though it was a fantasy, however this time he realized it was reality. He felt a limited quantity of weight on his correct hand however in any case his body was numb. He unexpectedly became o verpowered with dismay and tension as he attempted to bits together where he was and what had occurred. He went to shout yet it was sad and nothing, not so much as a peep came out of his mouth. At that point he felt an indiscreet surge of depletion come over himself and without the slightest hesitation about it, he was back snoozing. He had floated directly again into his extreme lethargies.      His mother was calmly holding up along the edge of his bed, grasping immovably onto his correct submit any expectations of it by one way or another breathing life into him back. She felt miserable and useless without her child close by, and despite the fact that he was genuinely there, his psyche and soul was absent. Her child had been in a state of unconsciousness for eight days at this point. She watchfully stayed there day and night with expectations of him coming to. She had seen him jolt around a couple of times so that gave her some guarantee that he could feel her essence. Around evening time, she would stoop close by and crush her hands together as immovably as possible and go to God for her son’s wellbeing. Furthermore, consistently at a similar purpose of her supplication, she would separate into hysterics and ask for leniency and pardoning from the Lord.

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Fog Computing and Its Role in the IOT-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What does the announcement the best interface for a framework is no User Interface? 2.Compare the transfer speed, separation, impedance rating, cost and security of a) wound pair link, coaxial link and fiber optic link. 3.The three basic approaches to acquire data from IoT gadgets are sensors, RFID and Video following. 4.Discuss the Issues related with security and protection with regards to the Internet of Things. 5.budget time spared by overhauling the application to utilize the Publish. 6.Describe Nielson's Law. How can it identify with Moore's Law? What are the suggestions for the Internet of Thing? Answers: 1.This proclamation implies that the interface convolutes on the lives of people, as opposed to improving them. A model, spreads out how we got to this application fixated point and how we could turn things and guarantee that one is utilizing the most ideally equipped device for the activity. This could possibly be an application on your cell phone (Atzori, Iera Morabito, 2010). Numerous organizations just as the fashioners are defaulting to utilizing of the screens and the applications when they are really making the errand you are attempting to accomplish progressively troublesome. Additionally, the announcement could identify with the viewpoint that association are battling more enthusiastically to keep the clients in their environment. This would be better on the organization investors, however not on the clients experience (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). The client experience ought not be pertinent to everything except for rather a choice on the table when people are taking care of issue. People should concentrate more on something charming other than the applications (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). The mentality of there is an application for everything has demolished the structure. It is critical to grasp on the genuine circumstance, and not exactly what chips away at the screen. It is critical to quit structuring the interface as opposed to taking care of the client issues. 2.It is the least valued notwithstanding the most popular guided transmission medium. It accompanies the two protected copper wiring sorted out in the ordinary winding examples. The wire for the most part goes about as the individual correspondence interface. Over the more extended reaches the links could contain various sets. With regards to impedances the curved link are probably going to lessen the cross talk between the neighboring sets in the link (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). The neighboring link have pack which have unmistakable wind sizes to diminish on the crosstalk induction. On the significant distance connects, the contort length differs from 5 to 15 cm and the thickness of the wire is from 0.4 to 0.9mm. The transmission of the sign are required about each 5 to 6 km. Wind links are arranged as follows: Classification 3: This is an UTP link alongside the associated connecting equipment whose transmission highlights are specific up to 16MHz. Class four is the UTP link and related interfacing equipment whose sign capacity up to 20 MHz The latter is classification five that is a link and related associating equipment transmission around 100MHz (Kopetz, 2011). Figure 1: Shows the untwisted and bent pair Coaxial link It is like the contorted pair comprising of two conductors, however it is built diversely so as to allow it to work over wide scope of the frequencies. There are two sorts of coaxial links which are the thinnet and thicknet. Thinnet is the adaptable coaxial link of around a fourth of an inch in thickness. It is utilized for short separations. Thicknet is thicker link than the other. It is about a large portion of an inch in thickness can bolster the transmission of information over longer separations (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). The data transfer capacity of the coaxial link is 10 Mbps. On the part of obstruction they are impervious with the impact of weakening up to a specific length of up to 100 meters (Weber, 2010). As far as the cost it is more costly than the turned link and not exactly the optical link. Fiber optical link These utilizations the optical filaments which hold the information flags as the adjusted beats of the light. There are essentially two sorts of filaments single mode fiber and Multi-Mode Fiber (Weber, 2010). The single mode fiber uses the single beam of the light in conveying transmission over the extensive extents (Kopetz, 2011). Multi-Mode fiber utilizes the various beams of light all the while with each beam of light hurrying to the various reflection point to hold the transmission over short ranges .The multimode fiber optic could convey the paces of information up to 1 Gbps. It works on the frequencies of 85p nm and 1300nm (Kopetz, 2011). With regards to the transfer speed of 100 m or less the data transmission is boundless. The expense of this link is higher than the rest. On the obstruction rating the rate is a lot of lower than the coaxial and the bent pair. 3.Sensors Focal points They have a high present capacity They have an ease They are impervious to brutal conditions They are entirely unsurprising Detriments They requires physical contact with the objective There is the issue of the separation constraints There is the part of the natural changes. Instances of the application are the level detecting, web brake and the level control sensors. RFID Preferred position RFID innovation is flexible in nature and in this way littler and the enormous RFID gadgets are accessible per application. The innovation is utilized for the security and the participation reason. Can hold a greater number of information than the standardized identifications Detriments They have a significant expense A portion of the materials could make signal issue There is issue of the obstruction Applications This application has been utilized for the following of the language and checking wellbeing history of the patients with regards to the clinics (Kopetz, 2011). Video following There is a shorter coordinating time which depends on the great location rate particularly in the objective recognition. It addresses on the item following of in the movement, or the light just as appearance change Drawbacks There are different equipment just as uncommon projects required to acquire and process the information. The catch framework could have explicit prerequisite for the space to which it is worked in. 4.In the IOT security issues there are as per the following; one of them is a lot of information. The sheer measure of data which the IOT gadgets could create is faltering. On the subsequent issue is on the undesirable open profile, the association could use the information gathered which the buyers enthusiastically offered to settle on business choices (Xia, Yang, Wang Vinel, 2012). There is likewise the issue of the listening stealthily where the produces or maybe the programmers can utilize the associated gadgets for all intents and purposes to attack on singular homes. With regards to the security issues there is the open recognition. On the off chance that the IOT will take off there is unquestionably should be the main issue which the assembling may manage. An extra concern is on the defenselessness to the hacking (Bonomi, Milito, Zhu Addepalli, 2012). The scientists have been equipped for hack into the genuine, to the market gadgets with a lot of time and vitality. An extra issues are on the genuine security viewpoint. Making sure about the IOT gadgets means more than one making sure about on the genuine gadgets themselves. 5.Total time taken is 2+12+3= 17ms Changes after 1 s Along these lines; 60ms is equal to 1 sec 17ms will rise to how long 17/60=0.28 Along these lines 1-0.28=0.72 s Time spared 0.72s 6.Nelsons law expresses that the very good quality clients association speed can grow up by 50% every year. This law of the broadband network slacks the Moore law of the PC handling for some bizarre reasons (Bonomi, Milito, Zhu Addepalli, 2012). The perception made by Nelson depended on the Moore law which frequently referenced the perception to which the PC procedure can feasible at regular intervals. His law identifies with that of Moore law in that the perception which he did depended on the Moore law, which expresses the PC twofold in the capacities in at regular intervals, which compare to 60% of the yearly development. Moore law for the PC speed, the transmission capacity develops at a more slow than the PC power (Xia, Yang, Wang Vinel, 2012). The purpose behind the moderate development of the web data transfer capacity is a greater amount of the business real factors than the innovative constraints. The ramifications of the web of things is that there is wide spread of the adjustment of the IOT gadgets and other item which will utilize the equivalent broadband association, and the innovation will be accessible for Nelsens law. References Atzori, L., Iera, A., Morabito, G. (2010). The web of things: A study. PC networks,54(15), 2787-2805. Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S. (2012, August). Haze registering and its job in the web of things. In Proceedings of the principal version of the MCC workshop on Mobile distributed computing (pp. 13-16). ACM. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Web of Things (IoT): A vision,architectural components, and future headings. Group of people yet to come PC frameworks, 29(7), 1645-1660. Kopetz, H. (2011). Web of things. In Real-time frameworks (pp. 307-323). Springer US. Weber, R. H., Weber, R. (2010). Web of things (Vol. 12). New York, NY, USA:: Springer. Xia, F., Yang, L. T., Wang, L., Vinel, A. (2012). Web of things. Global Journal of Communication Systems, 25(9), 1101.

The Dos and Donts of Term Paper Custom

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Television Series A Game Of Thrones Essay - 943 Words

When one thinks of the word medieval, there appear to be almost an instantaneous reaction. Some may see the period associated with the gothic architecture, Crusades, brutalism, death, the Black Plague, illiteracy, or the Dark Ages. Others may interpret the period as one full of valiant knights, princesses waiting to be saved, jousting, castles, and noble kings and queens. From video games such as The Legend of Zelda and the popular HBO television series A Game of Thrones, to accounts of medieval torture or treatment in the newspapers, the Middle Ages seems to be more relevant than ever. However, it can be argued that much about what we know about the real Middle Ages was constructed in the nineteenth century due to a comparative lack of records and the imaginative portrayal of the period by the Victorians. Due to the tumultuous period that was the Industrial Revolution, many social critics and artists turned back to the Middle Ages in order to reflect their anxieties of the present and the hopes and expectations of the future. I began to note that the medievalist movement was built upon medieval studies through a desire to create, rather than retrieve the past, which in turn lead to academic debates about authenticity and furthered the tension between the two fields leading to an almost insurmountable break. Those in medieval studies look towards medievalism as a misguided attempt to contemplate history which in turn changed the public’s understanding towards the era awayShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Deborah Tannen s The Game Of Women 1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe Game of Women Over the years, views on women’s roles in society have drastically changed. The gender differences highlighted in Deborah Tannen’s excerpts from You Just Don’t Understand emphasize the differences between women’s desire for intimacy and men’s pull towards independence. By this theory, men tend to drift in the direction of power and self-reliance, which are characteristics of action television shows and movies, whereas women immerse themselves in romance and family oriented mediaRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Young Audiences928 Words   |  4 PagesA prime example of graphic violence on television that falls outside of the FCC’s purview is found in the HBO hit series Game of Thrones. The ninth episode of the third season of Game of Thrones, â€Å"The Rains of Castamere†, is well-known as one of the most violent episodes in the show. This is mostly attributed to a specific scene in this episode, known by the book readers as the Red We dding. The scene is one of the most violent scenes in all of Game of Thrones history. The Red Wedding scene was quiteRead MoreGame of Thrones relationship to Modern Political Philosophy1541 Words   |  6 PagesGame of thrones is a television series that deals with medieval concepts with a touch of mysticism. As a series that tackles medieval concepts, political themes can be derived out of the series and can be used to expound on new modern themes and philosophies. Within this paper, major theme and supporting themes will be supplied that can further explain the themes that are found in the series. These themes will be given support by quotes and lines from the scenes in season three. These themes canRead MoreThe Dire Wolf947 Words   |  4 Pagesacross many northern countries where it once roamed as one of the most feared predators of all time. This paper traces the way that the dire wolf has been represented in myths and legends of the past, and also in the stories, films and c omputer video games of the modern world. The exact species which gave rise to all the legends is the Canis dirus and it lived in the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11.700 years ago) in both North and South America (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012, p. 1). It was considerablyRead MoreThe Morality Of Peer And File Sharing1231 Words   |  5 PagesStates, are very steep but enforcement is so low that many pirates operate with impunity. A recent example helps illustrate this issue. â€Å"Game of Thrones†, a TV show based on George R. R. Martin’s bestselling novel series A Song of Ice and Fire, is, by several measures, likely the most widely pirated program in the history of internet piracy. (Greenberg) Game of Thrones is also unique in that many fans of the show chose to explain why they were opting to download the show rather than pay for it. ArticlesRead MoreTelevision Series And The Telltale Episodic Game Under The Same Name1065 Words   |  5 Pagesessay is Game of Thrones. Specifically the television series and the Telltale episodic game under the same name. When comparing how the different mediums explore the overarching storyworld we must look at the fabula (the story in chronological order), the syuzhet (the order and way in which the story is told), focalisation (whose point of view the story is told), medium specificity and the audience labour. The basic narrative that is taking place within the storyworld of Game of Thrones is of severalRead MoreSexual Activities And Sexual Activity853 Words   |  4 Pagesoral sex and ten percent were engaging in anal sex. Many television shows or movies have some form of sexual activity. Five television shows that are on therishest.com’s top fifteen most sexually explicit television shows are Sons of Anarchy, True Blood, Orange is the New Black, Sex and the City, and Games of Thrones. Sons of Anarchy premiered in 2008 and had its final episode in 2014, was known for many sexual activities throughout the series. True Blood; first episode premiered in 2008 and also hadRead MoreThe Federal Communications Commission ( Fcc )932 Words   |  4 Pagesyounger viewers watch as well. Because these forms of media are becoming more popular in younger generations, it is important to know the effects that uninhibited content could have on younger viewers. Do shows with uninhibited content, like Game of Thrones, make viewers between the ages of 12 and 17 less likely to be disturbed or affected by real world violence? The theory of desensitization can be used to answer this question. Desensitization can be defined as a diminished emotional responseRead MoreTelevision And Its Impact On Children1309 Words   |  6 PagesTelevision has stood in a unique technological position throughout its history. Largely coming to the American public in the post-WWII era, this strange new device quickly became controversial. There were worries centered on how much time children spent watching it or what morals programs were imbuing in their young viewers. In later years, while these concerns continued, and perhaps grew to had a validity to them, others joined them as televised programs grew graphic and polarized. Forensic televisionRead MoreIs Piracy Truly Hurting The Film, Record, And Game Industry1634 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor companies/producers, say that (â€Å"You†) these claims are over-exaggerated. The question posed in this paper is fairly simple, but has been debated since the first few years internet piracy began to bud: is piracy truly hurting the film, record, and game industry as much as we are told? Before statistics are thrown in, as well as interviews and other various factoids, the definition of piracy should be made clear. Piracy refers to the act of using or reproducing another’s work without authority.

The Impact Of International Corporations On A Nations...

â€Å"Tell me, is there some society that doesn’t run on greed? What is greed? Of course, none of us are greedy, it is only the other fellow that’s greedy. The world runs on individuals pursuing their separate interests.† - Milton Friedman (2002) A common trend within developed and developing countries is foreign direct investment (FDI) as a major source of capital. What differs is the effect it has for the nation’s people. The current economic and technological development, its government policy and a nation’s labour force all alter the potential outcomes for a nation. This report will examine the effects of international corporations becoming involved in the discovery and extraction of oil reservoirs in Nigeria and compare it to the results in Norway. It will explain how the stability of the governments affect the long-term outcomes. Norway is a prospering country, its people are ranked as the second happiest in the world, and its government is seen as trustworthy and influent. Nigeria has a turbulent past which the discovery of oil has exasperated. These issues are recognised by the World Bank who have responded by labelling Nigeria as a ‘fragile state’ due to its risk of armed conflict, epidemic diseases and failed governance. (World Bank, 2014) It appears that when a country is faced with the influx of foreign investors, it is the strength of the government that will determine who controls the power. Stimulation of technological development and enhancing innovation amongstShow MoreRelatedThe Equitable and Sustainable Approach to Globalization971 Words   |  4 Pagesglobalization is synonymous with international trade and integration of economies through multi-national agreements. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2013) globalization is defined as â€Å"the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets†. 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The goal to this end, this report will provides detailed analysis in order for the organization to determine not only the feasibility of opening a manufacturing facility but also to determine the humanitarian benefits such an endeavor would accomplish. The country which will be examined is Venezuela located in the continent of South America. General InformationRead MoreIntroduction. Aetna Is One Of The Nation’S Leading Diversified1088 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Aetna is one of the nation’s leading diversified health care benefits companies, serving an estimated 44 million people with information and resources to help them make better informed decisions about their health care. The assignment given is about Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness for which the author has chosen Aetna. The author is required to assess how globalization and technology changes have impacted the Corporation. Secondly, to apply the industrial organizationRead MoreFiscal Policy1119 Words   |  5 PagesStates impacts various policies not only at home but abroad. It has been a powerhouse for many years, and its strengths and weaknesses impact other countries. The deficit, surplus, and debt are three major areas influencing these policies. These three factors have a huge impact on many areas we will discuss. These include taxpayers, the future of Social Security and Medicare users, the unemployed, a University of Phoenix student, the United States’ financial reputation on an international levelRead MoreEssay about The Benefits of Globalization519 Words   |  3 PagesFrequently, people are unclear of exactly what Globalization means. Globalization is the tendency of the worlds economies to act as a single interdependent economy. It can be described as the increased movement of people, knowledge, ideas, goods and money across national borders to make the world more unified in a sense. 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Also, many Western companies have established themselves in developing countriesRead MoreEssay on Globalization: Sharing Our Prosperity With the World1388 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is the growing interdependence of the worlds people that involves the integration of economies, technologies, and cultures (Bradshaw). It is described as the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that have led to the increased interconnectedness among the world. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are three major components implicated with this idea including: economics, politics, andRead MoreThe Giant Bomu Oil Field Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan to add significant role and shape to the Nigerian economy and the political arena and destiny of the country in the early 1060s. However, when Nigeria became an independent nation in 1st October 1960, Shell – BP began to give out its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted in to prospecting licenses that allowed development and production ( Bamberg, 2000; Vassilion, 2009). Following the increase dominance of the Nigerian economy by petroleum sector, the sole concession policy was abandonedRead MoreInternational Trade and Finance Speech Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics Paper 5 International Trade and Finance Speech Financial Pitfalls 2 Ladies and Gentlemen of the House, good afternoon to you all. I would like to thank you for the opportunity to speak to you this today on such an important topic – our economy. Our economy is in crises mode. To say that our economy has slowed down would be an understatement. The economy, to date, has taken a step backwards and the direction we are heading will take us from a record long-lasting

Mitchell V. Wisconsin Essay Example For Students

Mitchell V. Wisconsin Essay Word Count: 3746On June 11, 1993, the United State Supreme Court upheld Wisconsin?s penalty enhancement law, which imposes harsher sentences on criminals who ?intentionally select the person against whom the crimeis committed..because of the race, religion, color, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry of that person.? Chief Justice Rehnquist deliverd the opinion of the unanimous Court. This paper argues against the decision, and will attempt to prove the unconstitutionality of such penalty enhancement laws. On the evening of October 7, 1989, Mitchell and a group of young black men attacked and severely beat a lone white boy. The group had just finished watching the film ?Mississippi Burning?, in which a young black boy was, while praying, beaten by a white man. After the film, the group moved outside and Mitchell asked if they felt ?hyped up to move on some white people?. When the white boy approached Mitchell said, ?You all want to fuck somebody up? There goes a white boy, Go get him.? The boy was left unconscious, and remained in a coma for four days. Mitchell was convicted of aggravated battery, which carries a two year maximum sentence. The Wisconsin jury, however, found that because Mitchell selected his victim based on race, the penalty enhancement law allowed Mitchell to be sentenced to up to seven years. The jury sentenced Mitchell to four years, twice the maximum for the crime he committed without the penalty enhancement law. The U.S. Supreme Court?s ruling was faulty, and defied a number of precedents. The Wisconsin law is unconstitutional, and is essentially unenforceable. This paper primarily focuses on the constitutional arguments against Chief Justice Rehnquist?s decision and the statute itself, but will also consider the practical implications of the Wisconsin law, as well as a similar law passed under the new federal crime bill (Cacas, 32). The Wisconsin law and the new federal law are based on a model created by the Anti- Defemation League in response to a rising tide of hate-related violent crimes (Cacas, 33). Figures released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation show that 7,684 hate crimes motivated by race, religion, ethnicity, and sexual orientation were reported in 1993, up from 6,623 the previous year. Of those crimes in 1993, 62 percent were racially motivated (Cacas, 32). Certainly, this is a problem the nation must address. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court of the United States and both the Wisconsin and federal governments have chosen to address this problem in a way that is grossly unconstitutional. ?Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise therof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.? The most obvious arguments against the Mitchell decision are those dealing with the First Amendment. In fact, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that the state statute was unconstitutional in their decision, which the U.S. Supreme Court overruled. The Wisconsim Supreme Court argued that the Wisconsin penalty enhancement statute, ?violates the First Amendment directly by punishing what the legislature has deemed offensive thought.? The Wisconsin Court also rejected the state?s argument ?that the statute punishes only the conduct? of intentional selection of a victim?. The Court?s contention was that ? the statute punishes the because of? aspect of the defendant?s selection, the reason the defendant selected the victim, the motive behind the selection.? The law is in fact a direct violation of the First Amendment, according to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, which said ?the Wisconsin legislature cannot criminalize bigoted thought with which it disagrees.If there is a bedrock principal underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable?. The Supreme Court was heard to utter such noble phrases as recently as 1989, in Texas v. Johnson. Unfortunately these idealistic principles seem to have been abandoned during Wisconsin v. Mitchell. Sleep deprevation EssayPossibly more important, and certainly more recent, is the precedent established in R.A.V. v. St. Paul, a 1992 case. This case involved a juvenille who was convicted under the St. Paul Bias-Motivated Crime Ordinance for burning a cross in the yard of a black family that lived across the street from the petitioner. Justice Scalia delivered the opinion of a unanimous Court, but the Court was divided in its opinions for overturning the St. Paul statute. Scalia argued that the city ordinance was overbroad, because it punished nearly all controversial characterizations likely to arouse resentment among defined protected groups, and under-inclusive, because the government must not selectively penalize fighting words directed at some groups while not prosecuting those addressed to others, which is where the problem lies in the logic of the Mitchell decision. Though Rehnquist argued that Wisconsin v. Mitchell did not overturn R.A.V. v. St. Paul, If a hate speech law that enumerated some categories is invalid because, in Justice Antonin Scalias opinion in St. Paul, government may not regulate use based on hostility- or favoritism- toward the underlying message involved, how can a hate crime law be upheld that increases the penalty for crimes motivated by some hates but not those motivated by other hates? In other words, if the St. Paul statute is determined to be under-inclusive, how can we include every conceivable hate within the context of any statute. To be consistent, legislatures must now include other categories, including sex, physical characteristics, age, party affiliation, anti-Americanism or position on abortion.(Feingeld, 16)More interesting (and Constitutional) than the majority opinion in R.A.V. v. St. Paul, is the concurring opinion written by Justice White, with whom Justice Blackmun and Justice OConnor join. White writes, Although the ordinance as construed reaches egories of speech that are constitutionally unprotected, it also criminalizes a substantial amount of expression that- however repugnant- is shielded by the First Admendment Our fighting words cases have made clear, however, that such generalized reactions are not sufficient to strip expression of its constitutional protection. The mere fact that expressive activity causes hurt feelings, offense, or resentment does not render the expression unprotected The ordinance is therefore fatally overbroad and invalid on its face Rehnquist argues that whereas the ordinance struck down in R.A.V. was explicitly directed at expression, the statute in this case is aimed at conduct unprotected by the First Amendment. Nevertheless, had Mitchell not stated, There goes a white boy; go get him, his sentence would not have been enhanced, he would have instead received the maximum sentence of two years in jail for his crime, instead of four. Therefore, the Wisconsin statute does not only punish conduct, as Justice Rehnquist suggests, but speech as well. The Wisconsin v. Mitchell decision cannot simply be viewed as one that does harm to racists and homophobics. There are much broader costs to society than the quieted opinions of an ignorant few. First, laws which chill thought or limit expression detract from the goal of insuring the availability of the broadest possible range of ideas and expressions in the marketplace of ideas. Second, the Mitchell ruling not only affects eveyones free speech rights with a general constriction of the interpretation of the First Amendment, but the ruling makes way for further constrictions. Third, penalty enhancement laws place the legislature in the position of judging and determining the quality of ideas, and assumes that the government has the capacity to make such judgements. Fourth, without the expression of opinions generally deemd unacceptable by society, society tends to forget why those opinions were deemed unacceptable in the first place. (More specifically, nothing makes a skinhead seem m ore stupid than allowing him to voice his opinion under the scrutiny of a national television audience.) Finally, when society allows the free expression of all ideas, regardless of its disdain for those ideas, it is a sign of strength. So when a society uses all its power to suppress ideas, it is certainly a sign of that societys weakness (Gellman, (381-385). The United States Supreme Courts unanimous decision in Wisconsin v. Mitchell is incorrect for a number of reasons. Constitutionally, the decision fails to comply with the freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment, and the guarantee to all citizens of equal protection under the laws, listed in the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision also arguably overturns R.A.V. v. St. Paul, and suggests that the Court may be leaning towards a new fighting words doctrine, where unpopular speech equals unprotected speech. The decision also damages societ as a whole in ways that are simply immeasureable in their size, such as those listed in the preceding paragraph. Wisconsin v. Mitchell is a terribly flawed Supreme Court decision, which one can only hope will be overturned in the very near future. The freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere sahdow of a freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order. If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion or other matters of opinion -Justice Jackson in W.V. Board of Education. v. BarnetteBibliography Cacas, Samuel. Hate Crime Sentences Can Now Be Enhanced Under A New Federal Law. Human Rights 22 (1995): 32-33Feingold, Stanley. Hate Crime Legislation Muzzles Free Speech. The National Law Journal 15 (July 1, 1993): 6, 16Gellman, Susan. Sticks And Stones. UCLA Law Review 39 (December, 1991): 333-396Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire R.A.V. v. St. PaulTexas v. JohnsonU.S. v. OBrienWisconsin v. MitchellWooley v. MaynardW.V. State Board of Education v. Barnette